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Aleksandrs Čaks (October 27, 1901 – February 8, 1950), born Aleksandrs Čadarainis, was a Latvian poet and writer. Čaks is arguably the first Latvian writer whose works are distinctly urban, compared to the usual depictions of country life or small villages in earlier Latvian literature. == Biography == He was born in Riga to a tailor's family, and, continuing to live in Riga, he followed the city's life in his poetry. In 1911 he started studies in Alexanders Gymnasium in Riga. After First World War started gymnasium was evacuated first to Voru, Estonia and later to Saransk, Russia. In gymnasium he got good education and was often seen reading philosophical works. He most preferred works of Kant, Nietzsche and Hegel. In 1918 Čaks started Medicine studies in Moscow University. He actively participated in cultural life of russian students especially in literary evenings where he often discussed with futurists and imaginists. In February 1920 Čaks was drafted in Soviet Red army and became organizer of cultural and political life in a military hospital. In 1922 Čaks together with many former Red latvian riflemen returned to Latvia. In Riga he resumed his medicine studies in University of Latvia. However he soon lost interest about that subject and left his studies. In 1925 Čaks got teachers certificate and started to work in Drabeši primary school as a teacher and administrator. He left this job in 1927 to devout himself to literature. In 1928 Čaks established literary magazine ''Jauno Lira'' for young latvian writers and poets. He also participated in leftist magazine ''Trauksme''. From 1930 until 1934 Čaks was a secretary in Latvian writer and journalist trade union. Also he was one of the editors of magazine ''Domas''. After K. Ulmanis coup in 1934 all trade unions and leftist magazines and political parties were banned. Aleksandrs Čaks from 1934 until 1939 worked as a clerk in Riga city savings bank. Also he started to give lectures about literature in private school. Besides that he worked as technical editor in Association of Latvian Riflemen where he helped to publish collection of documents and memories ''Latviešu strēlnieki''. Inspired by riflemen memories he wrote collection of epic poems ''Mūžības Skartie'' for which he got A. Brigadere prize in 1939. From 1939 until 1940 he worked in one of the biggest latvian magazines ''Atpūta''. After Latvian occupation in 1940 Čaks was criticized for anti-soviet undertones in several poems from ''Mūžības Skartie''. Nonetheless he was accepted into writers union of Latvian SSR in spring 1941. After Latvian occupation by Nazi Germany Čaks was not allowed to publish and lived very privately. In 1943 he wrote a play ''Matīss, kausu bajārs''. After soviet army entered Riga for the second time in october 1944 Čaks started to work in one of the biggest soviet newspapers ''Cīņa'' where he led a cultural section. However already in 1946 campaign of criticism was turned against Čaks literary career and in 1947 he was fired from ''Cīņa'' newspaper. He started to work in Institute of Language and Literature of Latvian Academy of Science. However his criticism continued. In 1949, with Latvia being a part of the Soviet Union, Čaks was accused of straying from Marxist values and writing politically incorrect works. The accusations weakened Čaks's health, and he died of heart disease on February 8, 1950. Currently, one of the central streets of Riga is named for him. There's also a memorial museum in that street and a statue in nearby Ziedoņdārzs Park. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aleksandrs Čaks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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